共青团中央

    中国青年志愿者事业是党领导的共青团在新的历史条件下创新工作领域、服务社会需求的一大创举。1993年,为顺应改革开放和建立社会主义市场经济体制的新形势,共青团中央在全国范围发起实施中国青年志愿者行动。20年来,在党中央、国务院的亲切关怀下,各级团组织团结带领广大团员青年,围绕党政大局,顺应时代发展,鼓励青年参与,不断壮大志愿者队伍,健全组织网络,拓展服务领域,创新品牌项目,完善工作机制,推进了青年志愿者事业蓬勃发展。经过20年的发展,青年志愿者工作已经成为新时期共青团的重要品牌,“奉献、友爱、互助、进步”的青年志愿者精神已经成为当代青年喜爱和接受的精神时尚,青年志愿者行动已经成为动员青年参与经济社会建设的重要载体。

    党的十六届六中全会、党的十七大对完善社会志愿服务体系提出了明确要求。党的十八大和十八届三中全会明确指出“广泛开展志愿服务”、“支持和发展志愿服务组织”。《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》明确提出:“支持志愿服务活动并实现制度化”。2008年,中央文明委印发了深入开展志愿服务活动的意见,并对全国志愿者工作进行了明确部署。这为引导包括青年在内的社会公众,通过志愿服务的方式为深化改革开放和建设社会主义现代化事业贡献力量,指出了明确方向,搭建了广阔舞台。中国青年志愿者行动在中央文明委的领导下取得了新发展,成为中国志愿服务事业的重要力量。

    截至2013年11月底,全国所有的省区市和市地州盟、2763个县市区旗,以及2000多所高校建立了青年志愿者协会,建立了13万个志愿服务阵地,形成了较完善的组织体系;经过规范注册的青年志愿者达4043万。据不完全统计,注册志愿者在过去一年向社会提供了6.9亿小时的志愿服务。

    一、中国志愿者行动20年发展历程

    1993年12月,在共青团号召下,2万余名青年亮出“青年志愿者”旗帜,在京广线开展为旅客送温暖志愿服务,标志着中国青年志愿者行动正式启动。20年来,中国青年志愿者行动经历了四个发展阶段。

    发起实施阶段(1993—1998年):主要是搞活动、建组织、推理念。动员青年传承雷锋精神,参与志愿服务。成立了中国青年志愿者协会。征集发布青年志愿者标识;提出“奉献、友爱、互助、进步”志愿精神;启动了中国青年志愿者评选表彰活动。

    发展建设阶段(1998—2003年):主要是抓项目、扩队伍、立规范。提出着眼发展、着力建设的志愿服务工作理念,志愿服务项目、组织、队伍、机制等四大建设初见成效。启动实施中国青年志愿者扶贫接力计划、研究生支教团、海外服务计划、社区“一助一”服务计划和助老助残、环境保护、大型赛会、抢险救灾等领域的志愿服务项目。推行注册制度,经过规范注册的青年志愿者突破一千万。团中央及各省(区、市)团委相继设立青年志愿者工作机构;将3月5日确定为“中国青年志愿者服务日”;组织实施了“中国2001国际志愿者年”系列活动。

    深化推进阶段(2003—2008年):主要是承办大项目、完善体系、扩大参与。以实施大学生志愿服务西部计划为标志,青年志愿者行动实现了跨越式发展。广泛动员青年志愿者积极、有序参与抗击非典、汶川地震抗震救灾志愿服务工作。组织青年志愿者投身2008年北京奥运会、残奥会志愿服务活动。以组织实施重大项目为契机,加强各级青年志愿者协会建设,形成了涵盖六大领域的服务项目,志愿服务地方立法积极推进,修订颁布《中国注册志愿者管理办法》,形成了比较完善的青年志愿服务体系。加大志愿服务理念的传播力度,带动社会各界广泛参与志愿服务。

    优化提升阶段(2008年—至今):主要是优化结构、深化内涵、推进常态化发展。中央文明委下发《关于深入开展志愿服务活动的意见》后,团中央根据新的志愿服务格局,提出了“把志愿者的精神、热情、专长、服务时间有机结合,通过团组织的制度化安排转化为长效服务机制”的要求,围绕社会需求,探索形成志愿服务的社会功能。重点实施了“共青团关爱农民工子女志愿服务行动”、西部计划、海外计划和国庆60周年、上海世博会、广州亚运会等大型活动,积极参与玉树、芦山地震等抢险救灾志愿服务工作。积极运用新媒体推进青年志愿者工作。加强青年志愿者文化产品推广,选树大批优秀青年志愿者典型。部分地方探索建立了志愿服务基金会和具有枢纽功能的志愿者联合会。

    二、中国青年志愿者行动20年的成效

    (一)　志愿者队伍不断壮大。经过规范注册的青年志愿者人数达到4043万,初步建立了由领袖型志愿者、骨干志愿者、专业志愿者、普通志愿者组成的层次丰富、结构合理的志愿者队伍。

    (二)　服务领域不断拓展。青年志愿者行动以“党政关注、社会急需、青年能为”为切入点,不断创新服务领域,目前已涵盖社区服务、扶贫济困、助老助残、大型活动、环境保护、抢险救灾、西部开发、海外服务等领域,为社会进步、经济发展、民生改善作出了积极贡献。

    1.1999年实施“中国青年志愿者研究生支教团”和2003年实施“大学生志愿服务西部计划”以来,先后招募了16万名高校毕业生到中西部基层志愿服务1至3年。目前在新疆、西藏等少数民族地区的超过1万人。服务期满后扎根西部基层的累计达16066名。

    2.2010年启动的“共青团关爱农民工子女志愿服务行动”,已动员550万名志愿者在全国2805个县(市、区、旗)与1482万名农民工子女开展结对服务,并筹集资金2亿多元,建设“七彩小屋”等活动阵地近5万个。

    3.2002年实施“中国青年志愿者海外服务计划”以来,已先后选派590名志愿者赴亚非拉22个发展中国家开展为期1年的志愿服务。圆满完成国家主席承诺的“3年内向非洲派遣300名青年志愿者”的光荣任务。

    4.在抢险救灾领域,各级团组织动员了超过491.4万名志愿者参加汶川特大地震,组织青年志愿者积极参与玉树地震、舟曲泥石流、芦山地震等紧急救援和灾后重建工作。

    5.在大型活动领域,近千万名青年志愿者参与服务。其中170万志愿者为北京奥运会、残奥会、218万志愿者为上海世博会、60万名志愿者为广州亚运会提供了辛勤、周到、细致的服务,向世界展示了当代中国青年的精神风貌。

    同时,还有大批志愿者长年坚持在城市社区、偏远乡村,默默无闻为群众基本生产生活需求开展志愿服务。

    (三)　青年志愿者精神广泛传播。各级团组织引导青年在志愿服务中践行社会主义核心价值观。“奉献、友爱、互助、进步”的志愿者精神成为广大青年普遍接受的主流价值和生活时尚。广大青年在开展志愿服务的同时,也成为倡导良好社会风尚的播种机、宣传队,参与志愿服务已成为一种良好的社会风气。

    (四)　组织体系和服务平台不断健全。各级青年志愿者协会广泛联系、吸纳、引导、培育社会志愿者组织和青年公益组织,形成了以团组织为核心的社会化组织体系。适应网络社会发展趋势,建立了互联网志愿服务平台。

    (五)　工作机制逐步完善。形成了“党政支持、共青团承办、项目化管理、社会化运作”的工作机制。形成了以服务时间为标准的评价、激励机制,进一步调动了青年参与志愿服务的积极性;建立了以“结对接力”为基本模式的项目运行机制,保证了志愿服务项目实施的长效性;探索遵循市场机理的资源配置机制,搭建争取社会支持的市场化平台,将志愿者、项目、资源等要素有机整合。18个省(区、市)和16个城市颁布了志愿服务地方性法规。

    三、《中国青年志愿者行动发展规划(2014—2018)》有关情况

    近日,共青团中央、中国青年志愿者协会制定了《中国青年志愿者行动发展规划(2014—2018)》。《规划》提出目标任务是:到2018年,推动青年志愿者行动组织、队伍、项目、机制、平台等建设取得突破,科学化水平全面提升,保持在中国志愿服务事业中的“排头兵”地位;在服务青年成长、满足社会需求、引领文明风尚等方面发挥更大作用,为创新社会治理体制、加强社会建设作出新贡献。

    一是组织和队伍建设切实加强。基本实现“县县建协会”目标,各级志愿者协会发挥枢纽型组织作用;经过规范注册的青年志愿者超过6000万,选拔培养一批骨干志愿者。

    二是项目体系得到完善。深化全团重点项目,促进地方项目健康发展,建立分层、分类的志愿服务项目库,形成覆盖广泛、内容丰富、具有较高专业水准的志愿服务项目体系。

    三是志愿服务平台建设富有成效。形成一批有效对接志愿服务需求、高效整合社会资源、规范标准的实体型、网络型和复合型平台。经过标准化建设的各类实体型平台达到50万个,网络型平台实现互联互通,建立全国性资源整合平台。

    四是志愿文化和理论研究创新发展。加强“中国青年志愿者”品牌推广,加大志愿服务文化产品供给,提升与媒体合作的能力,使志愿服务文化得到普及。加强理论研究和成果转化,更好地指导志愿服务实践。

    五是工作机制不断健全。健全管理制度,完善政策措施,推动志愿服务立法,保障各项工作有效运转。

    四、《中国注册志愿者管理办法》修订要点

    为适应新形势下青年志愿者行动的发展需求,根据共青团十七大精神和《中国青年志愿者行动发展规划(2014-2018)》的要求,对《中国注册志愿者管理办法》进行了修订。重点修订以下内容:一是根据实际界定注册志愿者、志愿服务的概念和志愿服务领域;二是增加志愿者精神、服务日等内容,突出志愿者标识、志愿者誓词等内容;三是强化志愿者权益保障相关规定;四是完善志愿者激励措施。

    Material of the press conference of the State Council Information Office (1):

    A Profile of Chinese Youth Volunteer Activities for 20 Years

    (December 2, 2013)

    The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Youth League

    Chinese Youth Volunteer Activities are one pioneering endeavor of the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL) in making innovative fields and meeting social needs in new historical conditions. In 1993, nationwide Chinese Youth Volunteer Activities were initiated by the Central Committee of the CCYL to cater to the reform and opening up and the establishment of socialist market economy system. For the past twenty years, under the care of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council, complying with the overall situation of the Party and the government as their focus and with a marching era, the organizations of the CCYL, leading their youth members, have advanced the youth volunteer undertaking by encouraging the youth to participate in volunteer services, improving organization networks, expanding service fields, innovating brand projects and perfecting working mechanisms. Therefore, after the development of 20 years, the youth volunteer activities have been a significant brand of the CCYL in the new period; the ideology of “Devotion, Friendliness, Mutual Help and Progress” in the youth volunteers has been favored and accepted as vogue by the contemporary youth and their activities have become a significant carrier for motivating the youth in economic and social development.

    The Sixth Plenary Session of 16th Central Committee and 17th National Congress of the CPC put forward definite requirements on perfecting social volunteer service systems and 18th National Congress and the Third Plenary Session of 18th Central Committee of the CPC clearly stated that “volunteer services should be conducted in a large scale”, “volunteer service organizations supported and advanced”. Outlines for the Program of 11th Five-year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China made it clear that “we should support volunteer service activities and make them systematic”. The Central Guidance Committee of Cultural Civilization Construction issued the suggestions on furthering volunteer service activities and had definite arrangement of nationwide volunteer work in 2008, which showed a clear orientation and set up a broad stage for the general public, including the youth to contribute themselves to the construction of socialist modernization with their volunteer services. Chinese Youth Volunteer Activities, under the leadership of the Central Guidance Committee of Cultural Civilization Construction, have made progress and constituted a major force for the Chinese volunteer services.

    By the end of November, a relatively complete organization system came into being since the youth volunteer associations were set up in all the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities and prefectural cities, regions, autonomous prefectures and leagues, in 2763 counties, county-level cities, city districts and banners as well as in over 2000 colleges and universities and 130,000 volunteer service stations were set up, too. In addition, 40.43 million youth volunteers were registered. It is roughly calculated that the registered volunteers offered the services of about 690 million hours to the society last year.

    I. Development of the Chinese Volunteer Activities for Twenty Years

    The Chinese Youth Volunteer Activities were officially initiated in December 1993 when under the summon of the CCYL, more than 20,000 young people, with the flags of “Youth Volunteers”, volunteered their services to the passengers on Beijing-Guangzhou Railway. Their Activities experienced four periods in their development.

    —Initiation and implementation (1993-1998). This period is characterized by conducting activities, establishing organizations and disseminating ideologies. The youth were mobilized to carry forward Lei Feng spirit and participate in volunteer services. The Chinese Youth Volunteer Association was established. The logo of youth volunteers was collected and publicized. The ideology of “Devotion, Friendliness, Mutual Help and Progress” was raised. The appraisal and commendation of Chinese youth volunteers was launched.

    —Development and construction (1998—2003). It is featured by implementing projects, enlarging teams and setting norms. The concept of volunteer services highlighting development and construction was put forward. The construction of volunteer service projects, organizations, teams and mechanisms achieved initial success. A lot of new projects of Chinese Youth Volunteers, e.g. Help-the-poor Relay Program, Postgraduate Education Supporting Team, Overseas Service Program, “One Helping One” Community Service Program, the old and disabled aid, environment protection, volunteers in large-scale competitions and events, disaster relief programs were conducted. More than 10 million youth volunteers were registered. The youth volunteer agencies were set up in the Central Committee of the CCYL and Youth League Committees in provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). In addition, 5th March was designated as the “Day of Chinese Youth Volunteer Services”. A series of activities in “2001 International Volunteer Year in China” were conducted.

    —Deepening and promotion (2003-2008). It is characterized by carrying out big projects, perfecting systems and attracting more participants. The Chinese Youth Volunteer Activities underwent leaping development signified by the “Western Development Project of College Students’ Volunteer Service”. The youth volunteers were mobilized in combating SARS and in disaster relief in Wenchuan earthquake. They also volunteered in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and Paralympic Games. The youth volunteer associations were consolidated to offer services in six major fields with the implementation of key projects as an opportunity. In addition, local legislation of volunteer service was pushed and The Management Method of Registered Chinese Volunteers was revised and promulgated, thus a relatively complete youth volunteer service system took shape. The ideology was popularized to attract the people from all walks of life to volunteer services.

    —Optimization and improvement (2008—the present). This period is mainly about optimizing structures, cultivating connotations and making volunteer services regular and normal. After the issuance of Suggestions on Furthering the Activities of Volunteer Services by the Central Guidance Committee of Cultural Civilization Construction, the Central Committee of the CCYL required “volunteers’ ideology, passion, specialization and service time be integrated, and a long-term service mechanism be formed with the systematic arrangement of the CCYL organizations”; the social function of volunteer services satisfying social need was formed. They participated in several large-scale activities, e.g. “the CCYL’s Volunteer Services in Caring the Children of Rural Migrant Workers”, Western Development Project, Overseas Service Program, 60th Anniversary of the Founding of the PRC, Shanghai World Expo and Guangzhou Asian Games as well disaster relief in Yushu earthquake and Lushan earthquake. Moreover, the youth volunteer work was promoted with the help of new media. The cultural products of youth volunteers were popularized and a group of exemplary youth volunteers were selected. Volunteer service funds and pivotal volunteer associations were established in some places.

    II. Achievements of the Chinese Youth Volunteer Activities for Twenty Years

    1. An ever-growing volunteer contingent. It is estimated that 40.43 million youth volunteers were registered. Meanwhile, a volunteer contingent with a sound structure consisting of leader volunteers, backbone volunteers, professional volunteers and common volunteers came into being.

    2. Expanding service fields. The youth volunteer activities, by working constantly in the fields “concerned by the Party and government institutions, needed by the society and providing practice to the youth”, have innovated their work in community service, poverty relief, the old and disabled aid, major events, environment protection, disaster relief, western development and overseas service, contributing to social progress, economic development and people’s wellbeing improvement.

    2.1 Since the implementation of “Postgraduate Education Supporting Team of Chinese Youth Volunteers” in 1999 and “Western Development Project of College Students’ Volunteer Service” in 2003, approximately 160,000 graduates offered their services in grassroots units in central and western areas for 1 to 3 years. At present, over 10,000 volunteers are working in Xinjiang, Tibet and other areas of ethnic groups and about 16,066 volunteers worked in the western grassroots units after their service term was due.

    2.2 Since “The CCYL’s Volunteer Services in Caring the Children of Rural Migrant Workers” was launched in 2010, and about 5.5 million volunteers were mobilized in 2,805 counties (county-level cities, city districts and banners) to get paired with 14.82 million children of rural migrant workers and over 200 million yuan were raised to help build about 50,000 venues, e.g. “Colorful Houses”, for the activities of the children of rural migrant workers.

    2.3 Since the “Overseas Service Program of Chinese Youth Volunteers” was conducted in 2002, 590 Chinese volunteers offered their one-year services in 22 developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Besides, the glorious mission of “dispatching 300 youth volunteers to Africa” declared by the chairman of the PRC was realized.

    2.4 Mobilized by the organizations of the CCYL, more than 4.914 million volunteers went to disaster relief in Wenchuan earthquake and a lot went to relief and post-disaster reconstruction in Yushu earthquake, to relief in Zhouqu mud rock flow and to relief and post-disaster reconstruction in Lushan earthquake.

    2.5 About 10 million youth volunteers offered their arduous and meticulous services to national and international competitions and events, including 1.7 million to Beijing Olympic Games, 2.18 million to Shanghai World Expo and 0.6 million to Guangzhou Asian Games, showing the mental outlook of contemporary Chinese youth.

    Meanwhile, a large number of volunteers offered their services to the basic production and living needs of the masses in urban communities and remote rural communities.

    3. Popularizing the morality of youth volunteers. The CCYL motivated the youth to practice their socialist core values in volunteer services. The ideology of “Devotion, Friendliness, Mutual Help and Progress” in youth volunteers has become a mainstream value and fashion popular with adolescents and general public. The youth exerted themselves at spreading and popularizing the ideology of volunteers and social morality in volunteer services. The participation in volunteer services has been a favorable social custom.

    4. Ever-improving organization system and service platform. The youth volunteer associations tried their best to build up a social organization system with the CCYL organizations as cores by connecting, absorbing, guiding and cultivating social volunteer organizations and youth public welfare organizations. In addition, internet volunteer service platforms were established in a network society.

    5. Ever-improving working mechanism. A working mechanism “supported by the government, sponsored by the CCYL, managed as projects and operated by social operators” was formed. The youth were motivated to volunteer services due to an evaluation and incentive mechanism based on service time. A project operation mechanism based on “pairing and relay” was set up to ensure the long-term effectiveness of volunteer service programs. Besides, a resource allocation mechanism following the market principle was explored to construct a market platform with social support to integrate volunteers, projects and resources. In addition, local laws and regulations on volunteer services were issued in 18 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and 16 cities.

    III. On The Plans of Chinese Youth Volunteer Activities (2014-2018)

    The Central Committee of the CCYL and the Chinese Youth Volunteer Association laid down The Plans of Chinese Youth Volunteer Activities (2014-2018) with the following target. The youth volunteer activities will have made progress in the scientific construction of organizations, teams, projects and platforms by 2018, keeping a “leader” position in Chinese volunteer services. Besides, it is expected they will contribute more to helping the youth grow, satisfying social needs, guiding social conduct as well as to innovating social governance mechanism and promoting social construction.

    First, the construction of organizations and teams will be strengthened. It is aimed that “every county has a volunteer association” and the volunteer associations will play a pivotal organizational role. Sixty million youth volunteers will be registered and a group of backbone volunteers will be cultivated.

    Second, the project system will be perfected. Key projects will be furthered and local projects will be supported to ensure their sound development and volunteer service project database of different levels and varieties is to be constructed, thus an extensive system with variety and professional standards will be formed.

    Third, the construction of volunteer service platforms will be effective. Some standardized physical, network and composite platforms meeting social needs and integrating social resources will be established. It is expected that as many as 500,000 standard physical platforms will be constructed, network platforms will be interconnected and a national platform integrating national resources will be built.

    Fourth, volunteer culture and theoretic research will be innovated. It is anticipated that volunteer service culture will be disseminated by promoting the brand of “Chinese Youth Volunteers”, providing more cultural products of volunteer services and sharpening cooperations with media. Besides, theoretic research and the transformation of findings will be deepened to better guide volunteer practices.

    Fifth, working mechanisms will be improved. The improvement of management systems, perfection of policies and measures and the legislation of volunteer services will safeguard the effectiveness of work.

    IV. Revisions of The Management of Registered Chinese Volunteers

    To cater to the development of youth volunteer activities in new conditions and based on the essence of 17th National Congress of the CCYL and The Plans of Chinese Youth Volunteer Activities (2014-2018), certain revisions were made to The Management Method of Registered Chinese Volunteers. The key revisions are as follows. First, the concepts of registered volunteers and volunteer services and the scopes of volunteer services are defined based on actual conditions. Second, the spirit and the service day of volunteers are added; the logo and the oath of volunteers are elucidated. Third, certain regulations on the protection of volunteer rights and interests are highlighted. Fourth, the incentives to volunteers are perfected.